Bristol’s Historic Predecessor: The Former Capital of England Before London
Long before London became the bustling capital of England, there were other towns that held this prestigious title. One such town is Malmesbury in Wiltshire, a small market town with a rich history dating back to medieval times. Malmesbury was once the capital of England, dating back to the 10th Century when King Athelstan declared himself King of all England and made Malmesbury his capital. The town, built around an abbey in 675AD, was granted borough status by Alfred The Great in 880, cementing its significance in English history.
However, as time passed and trade routes shifted towards the coast, Malmesbury faced economic decline post-1640s. Today, it is a vibrant market town with a bustling high street filled with independent shops and a popular farmer’s market. The town also hosts an annual carnival in August, complete with events and stalls, including the world’s largest pillow fight. Emma from Coffee#1 Malmesbury describes Malmesbury as a “lovely place” where everyone is friendly and knows each other. The town’s abbey and the Old Bell, the oldest hotel in England, are among its notable landmarks.
Before Malmesbury, other towns in England also had their turn as the capital. Colchester, Britain’s former capital and first city, gained prominence as the Roman capital in AD49. The Romans established Colchester as the first “Roman Colonia” in Britain, solidifying its status as Britannia’s primary city. Today, Colchester is filled with Edwardian architecture, narrow lanes hosting independent shops and eateries, and the charming Dutch Quarter with its colorful houses.
In addition to Malmesbury and Colchester, York also had its moment as an English capital during the reign of King Edward I. In 1298, Edward I shifted two important government departments, the Chancery and Exchequer, to York, temporarily making it a key governmental center. However, these departments eventually returned to London in 1304, solidifying London’s status as the permanent capital of England.
These historic towns, including Malmesbury, Colchester, and York, each played a significant role in England’s history as former capitals before London took over. Visiting these towns today offers a glimpse into England’s rich past, with each town showcasing its unique charm and historical significance. From ancient ruins to bustling markets, these towns provide a window into England’s diverse and storied history.
